In this study, we investigated characteristics and mechanical properties of SKD61 repaired using the direct energy deposition (DED) process. Mechanical properties of the repaired product can vary depending on the base material and powder used in the DED process. To prepare for DED repairing for a damaged part, we conducted experiments using two different powders (H13 and P21). Experimental results showed that both powders were deposited without defects in the surface or interface between the deposited zone and the substrate. Hardness measurements indicated that the repaired region of the Repaired-H13 sample exhibited higher hardness than the base material, while the Repaired-P21 sample showed a sharp increase in hardness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Additionally, tensile test results revealed that the Repaired-H13 sample had lower tensile strength and elongation than the base material, whereas the Repaired-P21 sample demonstrated higher tensile strength and yield strength with a higher elongation than the Repaired-H13 sample. In case of Repaired-H13, it was confirmed that interfacial crack occurred due to a high hardness difference between the repaired part and the substrate.
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of P21 tool steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion A. Rajesh Kannan, V. Rajkumar, S. Maheshwaran, N. Siva Shanmugam, Wonjoo Lee, Jonghun Yoon Materials Letters.2025; 398: 138930. CrossRef
The fundamental flow models of metallic materials at room temperature, including the Ludwik, Hollomon, Swift and Voce models, were evaluated in terms of tensile test with an emphasis on the necking phenomena and post-necking behavior, to emphasize their limitation in satisfying tensile strength and Considère condition as well as the pre-necking and post-necking strain hardening. To resolve this limitation and enhance the applicability of the new proposed flow model to typical strain hardening materials, the Ludwik-Swift blended flow model is proposed after investigation into three blended flow models among the Ludwik, Voce and Swift models. Results revealed that there is no interpolation-based blended flow model of the fundamental flow models for the example flow curve exhibiting typical strain hardening but that the extrapolation-based combination of them can provide an engineering solution when the Ludwik and Swift models are blended. It was revealed that the reason for their good matching lies in the distinct difference in the strain hardening exponent, between the Ludwik and Swift models in the case of metallic materials with typical strain hardening.
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In this paper, fatigue life of extruded aluminium single lap joints, both by self-piercing rivet (SPR) and by hybrid joining (Adhesive-SPR), were characterised based on the quasi-static and fatigue tests. The rivet tail pull-out fracture occurred in the SPR joint specimen under the quasi-static tensile test because the peel stress caused the rivet to separate from the joint. Therefore, adhesive joining was considered to effectively prevent the rivet in the joint specimen from separation. As a result, 68% higher tensile strength of the hybrid joint specimen was observed, compared to that of the SPR joint specimen. From the fatigue tests, the fatigue limit load of SPR joint specimen was found to be 4.8 kN i.e.35% of tensile strength load. The fatigue limit load of the hybrid joint specimen was revealed to be 5.6 kN, i.e., 20% of tensile strength load. Over the fatigue limit load conditions, fracture in base material was shown in the case of SPR joint specimen. Also, fractures in base material and transient failure in adhesives were observed in hybrid joint specimen.
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A Study on the Improvement of Bonding Strength of Heterojunctions by Applying Laser Surface Treatment to Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Huan Wang, Seong Cheol Woo, Chung-Ki Sim, Seong-Kyun Cheong, Joohan Kim Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2022; 39(9): 683. CrossRef
Optimal Stiffness Design of Self-Piercing Riveting's C-Frame for Multimaterial Joining Chang-Yeul Shin, Jae-Jin Lee, Ji-Hun Mun, Soon-Deok Kwon, Min-Seok Yang, Jae-Wook Lee Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers.2021; 20(5): 76. CrossRef
Investigating the Tensile-Shear of Dissimilar Materials Joined Using the Hybrid SPR Technique Kwan-jong Yu, Du-bok Choi, Jae-yeol Kim Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers.2020; 19(9): 33. CrossRef
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