The number of freeform buildings has been continuously increasing, serving as a landmark representing a country or a city. However, most of the freeform buildings have been built with conventional construction methods and required a tremendous amount of construction cost. This study seeks to apply additive manufacturing technologies to the freeform concrete formwork. Among many additive manufacturing techniques, the study focuses on the Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) method because of its advantages on building speed and cost. Also, the LOM technique is modified by using sloped angle at the side surface of the laminated layer (called Sloped-LOM or S-LOM), which yields great increase in the accuracy. We built a new FreeForm Formwork 3D Printer (named F3D printer) using the new approach. The F3D printer consists of a 5-axis laser cutting device for sloped cutting of EPS (Expanded Poly-Styrene) sheets with high speed, an auto pallet changer for EPS feeding, and a palletizer for EPS loading. This paper introduces the S-LOM method and the F3D printer, and the comparisons of the outputs from the conventional method and S-LOM method through actual formwork production.
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Micro-/nano-scale biological ‘soft’ structures have attracted increasing interest in biomedical research, including the study of cell-material interactions. However, most materials of micro-/nano-fabrication are not suitable for biological applications, as they require extensive post-processing or exhibit high mechanical stiffness. On the other hand, soft materials exhibiting high cytocompatibility require long fabrication times with a decreased spatial resolution of features. Thus, a facile fabrication technique of micro-/nano-scale structures of biological soft materials using a cost-effective and high-throughput method is needed. To achieve this, this study proposed a one-step 3D microfabrication method for biological soft materials in cooperation with a light-induced self-focusing photo-polymerization, a controlled oxygen reaction-diffusion, and digital microprinting. For instance, it was anticipated that this microfabrication technique of soft material provides efficient simple 3D scaffold platform that can address the questions of neural mechanobiology studies on the interaction between biological artificial axons bundle and neurons.
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