Three-dimensional printing technology has technical limitations limited to the development of prototypes focusing on functional realization. Because of these limitations, there are problems such as mechanical strength and rigidity in entering the commercialization market. However, the industry is working to overcome these obstacles in the future and apply them directly to the field for mass production in the manufacturing process. In particular, research to secure physical properties such as mechanical strength, the major problem of 3D printing products, has been initiated in the automobile industry, aviation, and medical fields. Thus, this study focused on the mechanical strength required for commercialization of 3D printing technology. To achieve this goal, a tensile specimen was fabricated by an FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) type 3D printer. Tensile specimens were produced of round bar type and the deposition direction, layer height, and printing speed of the layers were considered. Finally, the effects of variables for each printing condition on tensile strength and fracture behavior were compared and analyzed. Also, the fracture surface of the tensile specimen was observed to investigate the effect of the deposition direction on the fracture behavior.