Titanium alloys are used in various industries due to their superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. However, titanium is classified as a difficult-to-machine material due to its low thermal conductivity that consequently causes poor tool life. In this study, cryogenic+MQL milling was performed to improve the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V; a cryogenic coolant and a minimum quantity fluid were sprayed simultaneously. The machinability was analyzed according to the cooling and lubrication conditions, focusing on the cutting force and tool wear. When the minimum quantity fluid was injected using two nozzles during cryogenic machining, the cutting force remained low despite the increase in machining distance due to the effective lubrication. The average cutting force at the long machining distances (82-86 passes) was 14.8% lower than that under the wet condition. The tool wear progressed without chipping, and the flank wear length was 55.5% lower than that of the wet machining because the cryogenic cooling and minimum quantity lubrication reduced the tool temperature, friction, and thermal shock.
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Design and Development of a Real-Time AI-Based Tool Failure Prediction System for Machining Difficult-to-Cut Materials Mi-Ru Kim, Hoon-Hee Lee, Min-Suk Park, Wang-Ho Yun Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers.2025; 34(4): 225. CrossRef
Compacted graphite iron (CGI) has been widely used in the automobile industry because of its good mechanical properties. CGI has better strength as compared to grey iron due to its internal structure. It includes graphite particles, which enhance the adhesion between graphite and iron. However, the material characteristics can negatively affect the machinability. In this study, cryogenic milling was performed for CGI450. It is well known that cryogenic machining is effective in improving the machinability. The process included spraying liquid nitrogen as a cryogenic coolant, and the influences on machinability were experimentally investigated with a focus on the cutting force and surface roughness. When liquid nitrogen was sprayed, the cutting force was slightly increased due to the cold-strengthening effect. On the other hand, surface roughness was dramatically decreased by 44.7% as compared to dry milling because brittleness of work material was increased by cryogenic coolant spraying.
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Tool life assessment of high strength cast iron alloys in dry face milling operations Alcione dos Reis, Gustavo Henrique Nazareno Fernandes, José Aécio Gomes de Sousa, Luiz Leroy Thomé Vaughan, Feliciano Cangue, Álisson Rocha Machado, Wilson Luiz Guesser Journal of Manufacturing Processes.2024; 111: 180. CrossRef
Study on the Effect of MQL Spraying Condition on the Machinability in Titanium Cryogenic Machining Dong Min Kim, Heung Bum Park, Byung-Gook Kim, Hoon-Hee Lee, Young Ha Hwang, Ki Hyuk Kim, In Su Shin, Do Young Kim Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2023; 40(4): 261. CrossRef
Cryogenic machining uses liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a coolant. This machining process can reduce the cutting temperature and increase tool life. Titanium alloys have been widely used in the aerospace and automobile industries because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, they are difficult to machine because of their poor thermal properties, which reduce tool life. In this study, we applied cryogenic machining to titanium alloys. Orthogonal cutting experiments were performed at a low cutting speed (1.2 – 2.1 m/min) in three cooling conditions: dry, cryogenic, and cryogenic plus heat. Cutting force and friction coefficients were observed to evaluate the machining characteristics for each cooling condition. For the cryogenic condition, cutting force and friction coefficients increased, but decreased for the cryogenic plus heat condition.
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Study on the Machinability of Cryogenic Milling for Compacted Graphite Iron Jisoo Kim, Do Young Kim Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2022; 39(1): 13. CrossRef
Determination of Flow Stress and Cutting Force Prediction of Ti-6Al-4V Material for 3D Printer using S-K Constitutive Equation Dae-Gyoun Park, Tae-Ho Kim, Eon-Chan Jeon Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers.2018; 17(6): 68. CrossRef
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