Nature-inspired architected materials have been widely used to achieve efficient structural materials by harnessing their cellular and hierarchical structures. For example, biological materials observed in bone, shell, nacre, and wood contain constituents, ranging from nanometers to centimeters, arranged in an ordered hierarchy. Because of their composited structures that contain micro and nanoscale building blocks arranged in an ordered hierarchy and the material size effect in the mechanical strength of nano-sized solids, bioceramic materials are mechanically robust and lightweight. The design principles offered by hard biological materials of multiscale composite structures can assist in the creation of advanced ceramic architectures. In addition, the evolution of additive manufacturing technologies has enabled the fabrication of materials with intricate cellular architected materials. In this review, we discussed advanced additive manufacturing for the fabrication of nature-inspired multiscale ceramic structures by combining conformal thin-film coating technique with conventional additive manufacturing methods.

The motion platform supports the trainee in experiencing a sense of reality in virtual space by performing a motion on the available degrees of freedom for a motion that mimics a specific motion in connection with a virtual reality content or a simulator. The required specification of the motor and driver of motion platform is determined by the target specification for the upward motion of the motion plate. The reason is that the weight of the upper plate always applies gravity in the direction of the downward motion. As a result, the downward motion has an excessive specification compared to the upward motion specification, resulting in an unbalanced motion specification. Additionally, a problem may occur in which a volume increases from the application of a high specification driving unit. In this paper, the motion platform was designed capable of three-axis motion in roll, pitch, and gravity directions using a compression spring to apply a load compensation mechanism. Based on the design results, the specifications of the compression spring for motion platform to satisfy the operating specifications do not excessively move the upward and downward direction derived by the analysis.