Deep-sea optical windows must withstand extreme hydrostatic pressure while maintaining optical transmittance, requiring a balance between mechanical rigidity and optical performance. Increasing thickness enhances structural strength but reduces transmittance. This study proposes a design method for deep-sea optical windows using domestically developed sapphire. Three-point bending tests were conducted on sapphire and silicon specimens, and B-criterion strength was derived using Weibull distribution to account for brittle material properties. Optical transmittance measurements established key design characteristics. Using theoretical formulations for rectangular planar optical windows under uniform external pressure, the initial design was based on experimentally derived sapphire properties. Finite element analysis of the optical window assembly confirmed sufficient structural stability margins above critical thresholds. Linear interpolation was applied to evaluate the continuous design space across discrete thickness values. A compromise solution was identified that satisfies both structural rigidity and transmittance objectives. By integrating experimental material characterization with numerical analysis, this study provides an effective framework for determining the optimal thickness of deep-sea optical windows and confirms the applicability of domestically developed sapphire as a reliable optical window material for high-pressure underwater environments.
As modern warfare shifts towards electronic warfare and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), there is an increasing demand for stabilized gimbal systems mounted on tracked vehicles to operate reliably in harsh combat environments. However, high-frequency disturbances generated by the vehicle can degrade the quality of the imagery produced by these systems. To mitigate image blur caused by vibration, elastomeric isolators are used; yet, their nonlinear behavior under shock and vibration makes performance prediction challenging. This study aims to model the nonlinear dynamics of these isolators and identify the optimal configuration. Numerical simulations were conducted to pinpoint leading candidate isolators, which were then tested through operational vibration and shock assessments on four isolators with varying stiffness. The selected isolator achieved vibration attenuation of 83% on the X-axis and 72% on the Y-axis. It also met a safety margin of 1.54 for the image sensor and demonstrated durability through endurance testing.
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