The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on electrochemical performance of aluminum (Al)-air battery. We prepared a pure Al and an annealed Al under an annealing environment [a mixture gas of Ar (97%) and H2 (3%)] of 400°C for 1 hr. Based on electron backscatter diffraction analysis of Al at the anode, the relative misorientation of the pristine Al was higher than that of the annealed Al. Electrochemical performances of the pristine Al-air and the annealed Al-air were also compared. The annealed Al-air battery showed slightly higher power density than the pristine Alair battery. These results suggest that annealing with heat treatment is an important process to improve the electrochemical performance of aluminum-air battery.