When the penetrator collides with the target, the penetrator has different penetrating characteristics and residual velocity after penetration, according to the geometry of the penetrator. In this study, we optimized the geometry of the penetrator using the artificial neural network and the genetic algorithm to derive the best penetration performance. The Latin hypercube sampling method was used to collect the sample data, Simulation for predicting the behavior of the penetrator was conducted with the finite cavity pressure method to generate the training data for the artificial neural network. Also, the optimal hyper parameter was derived by using the Latin hypercube sampling method and the artificial neural network was used as the fitness function of the genetic algorithm to optimize the geometry of the penetrator. The optimized geometry presented the deepest penetration depth.
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Wire feeding type directed energy deposition (DED) process is able to produce metal parts with high density at high deposition rate. However, the parts are subjected to high residual stresses and distortion due to its large heat input. In order to simulate the thermal stress, a proper heat input parameter is required. The goal of this paper is to investigate the efficiency and penetration depth of the applied heat flux in the DED process. The estimation method for the penetration depth and efficiency of applied heat flux is proposed using the thermal finite element analyses (FEAs). A finite element model is developed according to the cross sectional profile of the actual deposited beads. A top-hat volumetric heat flux is adopted to simulate the transient thermal phenomenon of the laser based wire feeding type DED process. The estimated heat affected zone (HAZ) from the FEAs is compared with the experimental results in order to estimate the proper efficiency and penetration depth of the laser beam for each condition of DED process.
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In this study, a numerical analysis on the impact response of HHA (High Hardness Armor Plate) sequences under a 7.62 mm projectile impact was performed to obtain the fundamental design data for a combat-vehicle platform. Recently, the ballistic-protection levels for combat vehicles have increased, and ballistic-protection designs should now be able to deflect multi-hit projectiles. To study the ballistic-impact characteristics, armor-plate sequences of one or two layers with a gap of 0 mm to 2 mm between the front and rear plate were defined under the same weight and thickness. For the certification of the reliability of the numerical model, ballistic tests and an analysis of the single plate under the 7.62 mm projectile impact were performed and analyzed. On the basis of a valid numerical model, a numerical analysis was performed and analyzed. Lastly, it was proved that the performances of the two-layer sequence with the 2 mm gap regarding the impact-response acceleration, deflection efficiency, and penetration depth are the highest.
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