Elastomeric bushings are structural elements that are used in automotive suspension systems. An elastomeric bushing is a hollow cylinder that is contained between an outer steel cylindrical sleeve and an inner steel cylindrical rod. The outer steel cylindrical sleeve is connected to the components of the suspension system and is used to transfer forces and moments from the wheel to the chassis. The elastomeric material reduces the shock and vibration in this connection. Dynamic simulations of the automotive suspension system involve the interaction between many components. The accurate determination of the transmitted forces and moments between the components, the motion of the components, stress in the components, and energy dissipation is affected by the quality of the bushing model. Several Pipkin-Rogers models have been proposed for the axial mode, radial mode, and torsional mode and modified Pipkin-Rogers models have been proposed for the axial mode and torsional mode. In this research, the modified Pipkin-Rogers model for the torsional mode was verified in a frequency-related rotational angle control test. The results showed that the moment outputs of the modified Pipkin-Rogers model were in very good agreement with those of the Pipkin-Rogers model in the sinusoidal rotational angle control test.

Elastomeric bushings are structural elements used in automotive suspension systems. A bushing is a hollow cylinder between an outer steel cylindrical sleeve and an inner steel cylindrical rod. The steel sleeve is connected to components of the suspension system and transfers forces from wheel to chassis. Force-Displacement relation for elastomeric bushings is critical for multi-body dynamics simulations. A boundary value issue for bushing response leads to force-displacement relation that requires extensive computation time to implement and therefore is unsuitable. Explicit force-displacement relation may be used in multi-body dynamics simulations. The relation is expressed in terms of a force relaxation function. Lianis model, Modified Lianis model, and Pipkin-Rogers model are introduced. Modified Pipkin-Rogers model was proposed and a boundary value issue was formulated for axial mode bushing response. Numerical solutions of the boundary value issue of Modified Pipkin-Rogers model were compared with results of the Pipkin-Rogers model. It is revealed that the method for determining bushing relaxation function and prediction of proposed force-displacement relation is in agreement with the original results.

It is still very difficult to generate a geometry model and finite element model, which has complex and many free surface, even though 3D CAD solutions are applied. Furthermore, in the medical field, which is a big growth area of recent years, there is no drawing. For these reasons, making a geometry model, which is used in finite element analysis, is very difficult. To resolve these problems and satisfy the requests of the need to create a 3D digital file for an object where none had existed before, new technologies are appeared recently. Among the recent technologies, there is a growing interest in the availability of fast, affordable optical range laser scanning. The development of 3D laser scan technology to obtain 3D point cloud data, made it possible to generate 3D model of complex object. To generate CAD and finite element model using point cloud data from 3D scanning, surface reconstruction applications have widely used. In the early stage, these applications have many difficulties, such as data handling, model creation time and so on. Recently developed point-based surface generation applications partly resolve these difficulties. However there are still many problems. In case of large and complex object scanning, generation of CAD and finite element model has a significant amount of working time and effort. Hence, we concerned developing a good direct finite element model generation method using point cloud's location coordinate value to save working time and obtain accurate finite element model.

An automotive bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. A bushing is a hollow cylinder, which is bonded to a solid steel shaft at its inner surface and a steel sleeve at its outer surface. The relation between the force applied to the shaft and the relative deformation of a bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. In this paper, an automotive bushing is regarded as nonlinear viscoelastic incompressible material. Instron 8801 equipment was used for experimental research and ramp-to-constant displacement control test was used for data acquisition. Displacement dependent force relaxation function was obtained from the force extrapolation method and expressed as the explicit combination of time and displacement. Pipkin-Rogers model, which is the direct relation of force and displacement, was obtained and comparison studies between the experimental results and the Pipkin-Rogers results were carried out.