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적층제조공정에 관한 환경영향평가의 사례 연구

Case Study of Different Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes from Environmental Impact Assessment

Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019;36(4):431-439.
Published online: April 1, 2019

1 울산과학기술원 기계항공 및 원자력공학부

2 국방대학교 국방과학학과

1 School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology

2 Department of Defense Science, Korea National Defense University

#E-mail: jxm1023@gmail.com, TEL: +82-41-831-5384
• Received: August 14, 2018   • Revised: October 19, 2018   • Accepted: November 12, 2018

Copyright © The Korean Society for Precision Engineering

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Citations

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  • Environmental sustainability evaluation of additive manufacturing using the NIST test artifact
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  • Sustainability of additive manufacturing: the circular economy of materials and environmental perspectives
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Case Study of Different Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes from Environmental Impact Assessment
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2019;36(4):431-439.   Published online April 1, 2019
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J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2019;36(4):431-439.   Published online April 1, 2019
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Case Study of Different Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes from Environmental Impact Assessment
Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Work flow of additive manufacturing processes
Fig. 2 CAD modeling and 3D printed NIST test artifact
Fig. 3 Product manufacturing processes of PJ, LS and FDM
Fig. 4 Environmental impacts of PJ, LS and FDM by environmental categories (for printing 200 NIST test artifact with ReCiPe methodology)
Fig. 5 Environmental impacts of PJ, LS and FDM for printing single NIST test artifact
Fig. 6 Environmental impacts of PJ, LS and FDM for printing 200 NIST test artifact with IMPACT 2002+
Case Study of Different Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes from Environmental Impact Assessment

Resource characteristics and consumptions used for inventory analysis

Process Sample materials Support materials Max. batch size at a time Layer thickness Electricity for 3D printer Electricity for auxiliary equipment
PJ Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer Propylene glycol and glycerin 12 units 14 μm 1.68 kW 3.6 kW
LS Nylon 6-6 - 200 units 120 μm 11 kW 6.4 kW for cooling system, 6.4 kW for powder conveying system, 92 W for cooldown-station, 598 W for shot-peening cabinet, 1.04 kW for unpack & sieving system and 2 kW for air shot blast
FDM ABS Benzene/Propenoic acid 2 units 0.254 mm 1.68 kW 1.2 kW

Power and material consumptions

PJ LS FDM
Total power consumption (kWh) 916.2 666 2093.8
Material consumption (g) 61,286 61,286 22,214

Comparison of environmental categories by influential factors of PJ, LS and FDM

(unit: Pts)

Object/support material Additional material Power consumption
Categories PJ LS FDM PJ LS FDM PJ LS FDM
Printing Support
removal
Printing Sieving Printing Support
removal
Climate change human health 4.81 6.28 2.66 - 0.17 0.15 10.35 6.70 5.88 0.31 24.45 14.51
Human toxicity 0.24 0.21 0.06 - 0.03 0.01 2.34 1.51 1.33 0.07 5.53 3.28
Particulate matter formation 1.11 0.99 0.54 - 0.11 0.04 2.53 1.63 1.44 0.08 5.97 3.54
Climate change ecosystems 3.04 3.98 1.68 - 0.11 0.10 6.55 4.24 3.72 0.20 15.47 9.18
Metal depletion 0.08 0.05 0.02 - 0 0 0.50 0.32 0.28 0.02 1.18 0.70
Fossil depletion 8.33 8.33 4.93 - 0.16 0.17 11.00 7.12 6.25 0.33 25.98 15.43
Other categories 0.66 0.02 0.03 - 0.01 0 0.45 0.29 0.26 0.01 1.07 0.63
Total 18.27 19.86 9.91 - 0.59 0.47 33.71 21.81 19.16 1.02 79.63 47.28
Table 1 Resource characteristics and consumptions used for inventory analysis
Table 2 Power and material consumptions
Table 3 Comparison of environmental categories by influential factors of PJ, LS and FDM (unit: Pts)