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Melting Depth Characteristics according to Electron Beam Dose for Electron Beam Micro-Hole Drilling

Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021;38(3):169-176.
Published online: March 1, 2021

1 한국생산기술연구원 IT융합공정그룹

2 연세대학교 기계공학부

1 IT Convergence Manufacturing Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology

2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University

#E-mail: egkang@kitech.re.kr, TEL: +82-31-8040-6167
• Received: November 5, 2020   • Revised: January 11, 2021   • Accepted: January 18, 2021

Copyright © The Korean Society for Precision Engineering

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Micro CT Analysis of Microholes Drilled by Focused Electron Beam Drilling Based on Image Noise Reduction Using Masking Layers
    Hyunmin Park, Joon-Goo Kang, Jin-Seok Kim, Eun Goo Kang, Hyung Wook Park, Jaewoo Seo
    Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers.2022; 31(6): 388.     CrossRef

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Melting Depth Characteristics according to Electron Beam Dose for Electron Beam Micro-Hole Drilling
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2021;38(3):169-176.   Published online March 1, 2021
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Melting Depth Characteristics according to Electron Beam Dose for Electron Beam Micro-Hole Drilling
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2021;38(3):169-176.   Published online March 1, 2021
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Melting Depth Characteristics according to Electron Beam Dose for Electron Beam Micro-Hole Drilling
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Photograph of electron beam micro hole drilling system
Fig. 2 Schematic of single hole drilling with backing material
Fig. 3 Schematic of definition of α value and melting velocity
Fig. 4 Optical image of front side and rear side melting spot at min. condition for rear side melting (Input energy: 5 J)
Fig. 5 Experimental results of constant input energy condition (a) 5, (b) 7 and (c) 10 J
Fig. 6 Variation of α value (a) Exposure current function and (b) Exposure time function
Fig. 7 Variation of minimum exposure time for rear side melting
Fig. 8 Variation of melting velocity at division 1
Fig. 9 Cross-sectional image of melted sample (a) te: 0.5 (b) te: 1.0 (c) te: 1.5 and (d) te: 2.0 ms
Fig. 10 Cross-sectional image of e-beam drilled sample (a) Ie: 2 mA, te: 6 ms and (b) Ie: 6 mA, te: 1 ms
Fig. 11 Variation of minimum exposure time for hole-formation
Melting Depth Characteristics according to Electron Beam Dose for Electron Beam Micro-Hole Drilling

Specification of electron beam drilling machine

Value Specification Using range
Accelerating voltage [Kv] 150(Max.) 120
Exposure current [mA] 60 0-17
Exposure time [ms] - 0-20
Working distance [mm] 200(Max.) 45(Min.)
E-beam gun pressure [mbar] ~10-6 ~10-6
Chamber pressure [mbar] ~10-3 ~10-3

Specification of material

Sample type STS304
Sample size [mm] 50 × 50
Sample thickness [mm] 0.3, 1.0
B.M. type Silicon and brass powder
B.M. thickness [mm] 2.3

Classification of α value

Division α Range Meaning
1 0 < α ≤ 0.2 Low quality hole
(Rear side melting point)
2 0.2 < α ≤ 0.4
3 0.4 < α ≤ 0.6
4 0.6 < α ≤ 0.8
5 0.8 < α ≤ 1.0 High quality hole

Experimental condition of constant exposure energy

Total energy input
[J]
Exposure current
[mA]
Exposure time
[ms]
Min. condition for rear melting
[mA, ms]
(a) 5 3-25 13.9-1.7 15, 2.8
(b) 7 3-15 19.4-3.9 12, 4.8
(c) 10 5-15 16.7-5.6 12, 6.9

Operation condition for analysis of α value

Value Operating condition
Acc. Voltage [kV] 120(Fix)
Exposure current [mA] 9-17
Exposure time [ms] 0-20

Comparison of slope between current and time

Slope Determination coefficient (R2) Average error [%]
Exposure current [mA] 0.1060 0.8643 17
Exposure time [ms] 0.0201 0.8354 13

Calculated & measured melting depth

Exposure time
[ms]
Calculated melting depth
[μm]
Measured melting depth
[μm]
0.5 416.5 470
1.0 833.5 825
1.2 1,000(Max.) -
1.5 1,249.5 1,000↑
2.0 1,666 1,000↑
Exposure current: 17 mA, Melting velocity: 833 μm/ms

Experimental condition for e-beam single hole drilling

Value Experimental condition
Sample STS304
Sample thickness [mm] 0.3
Acc. Voltage [kV] 120(Fix)
Exposure current [Ma] 2-12
Exposure time [ms] 0-15

Measured results of drilled sample

Inlet diameter
[μm]
Outlet diameter
[μm]
α Curved length
[μm]
Input energy
[J]
(a) 197 122 0.61 152 1.44
(b) 153 105 0.69 83 0.72
Table 1 Specification of electron beam drilling machine
Table 2 Specification of material
Table 3 Classification of α value
Table 4 Experimental condition of constant exposure energy
Table 5 Operation condition for analysis of α value
Table 6 Comparison of slope between current and time
Table 7 Calculated & measured melting depth
Table 8 Experimental condition for e-beam single hole drilling
Table 9 Measured results of drilled sample