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냉각 채널 내 방열핀을 활용한 전기자동차 구동 모터의 냉각 성능 향상을 위한 스마트 냉각 시스템 설계

Smart Cooling System Design for Augmentation of Cooling Performance of Electric Vehicle Driving Motor Utilizing Cooling Channel Fin

Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021;38(6):427-439.
Published online: June 1, 2021

1 대구가톨릭대학교 기계자동차공학부

1 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu

#E-mail: dlee@cu.ac.kr, TEL: +82-53-850-2717
• Received: March 12, 2021   • Revised: April 22, 2021   • Accepted: May 3, 2021

Copyright © The Korean Society for Precision Engineering

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Thermal management strategies and power ratings of electric vehicle motors
    Jaya Antony Perinba Selvin Raj, Lazarus Godson Asirvatham, Appadurai Anitha Angeline, Stephen Manova, Bairi Levi Rakshith, Jefferson Raja Bose, Omid Mahian, Somchai Wongwises
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2024; 189: 113874.     CrossRef

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Smart Cooling System Design for Augmentation of Cooling Performance of Electric Vehicle Driving Motor Utilizing Cooling Channel Fin
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2021;38(6):427-439.   Published online June 1, 2021
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Smart Cooling System Design for Augmentation of Cooling Performance of Electric Vehicle Driving Motor Utilizing Cooling Channel Fin
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2021;38(6):427-439.   Published online June 1, 2021
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Smart Cooling System Design for Augmentation of Cooling Performance of Electric Vehicle Driving Motor Utilizing Cooling Channel Fin
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Actual picture of electric motor model N
Fig. 2 Completed CATIA rendering of electric motor geometry
Fig. 3 Imported geometries of cooling channel at three different cases with/without fins
Fig. 4 Grid dependency test
Fig. 5 Total mesh generation of electric motor model N
Fig. 6 Mesh generation of cooling channel
Fig. 7 Mesh generation of cooling channel sections with/without cooling fins
Fig. 8 Mesh generation of coil
Fig. 9 Velocity vectors at three different cases of cooling channel (Ethylene glycol)
Fig. 10 Temperature contours at three different cases of cooling channel
Fig. 11 Wall heat transfer coefficient contours at three different cases of cooling channel
Fig. 12 Temperature contours at three different cases of coil surface
Fig. 13 Temperature distributions on three sides of coil surface
Fig. 14 Temperature contours of diagonal position (R+) on the coil surface with maximum temperature deviation at three different cases of coil surface
Fig. 15 Dimensionless coil temperature vs. position at three different cases of coil surface
Fig. 16 Nusselt number vs. Reynolds number(ReR) at three different cases of coil surface
Fig. 17 Coil temperature contours by mass flow rate of ethylene glycol
Fig. 18 Dimensionless heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop vs. mass flow rate of ethylene glycol
Fig. 19 Thermal deformation contours of coil at case 3
Smart Cooling System Design for Augmentation of Cooling Performance of Electric Vehicle Driving Motor Utilizing Cooling Channel Fin

Physical dimensions of electric motor model N

Width (L)
[mm]
Thickness (T)
[mm]
Height (H)
[mm]
EA
Magnet 16 3 175 16
12 5 175 16
Coil 20 6 175 48
Diameter internal /
external (D) [mm]
Height (H) [mm] EA
Rotor 50/132 175 1
Stator 133.4/199.4 175 1
Shaft 32/50 175 1
Housing 199.4/235.4 260 1

Design boundary conditions

Fluid material Air Incompressible
Ethylene glycol
Inlet (Ethylene glycol) Mass flow rate [kg/s] 0.106
Temperature [K] 338.15
Inlet (Air) Temperature [K] 298.15
Outlet (Ethylene glycol) Pressure [Pa] 0
Outlet (Air) Pressure [Pa] 0
Coil Heat generation [W/m3] 1,000,000

Thermophysical property of material

Density
[kg/m3]
Thermal conductivity
[W/m·K]
Specific heat
[J/kg·K]
Ethylene glycol 1,057 0.394 3,410
Viscosity [kg/m·s] 0.00159
Housing 2,790 168 883
Stator and Rotor 7,540 31 557
Coil 8,933 401 385
Magnet 7,500 7.5 410
Shaft 7,817 51.9 446

Total elements of electric motor assembly for grid dependency

Total elements Tmax [oC] Error [%]
5,927,164 137.85 1.73
9,693,383 137.07 1.16
12,816,823 136.26 0.56
15,497,764 136.13 0.47
19,702,867 135.96 0.34
21,199,614 135.62 0.09
32,475,765 135.60 0.07

Number of elements in cooling channel and coil

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
Cooling channel Coil Cooling channel Coil Cooling channel Coil
Method Hexa Tetra/Pyramid Hexa Tetra/Pyramid Hexa Tetra/Pyramid
Elements 2,720,240 1,032,150 1,992,425 1,032,150 4,578,427 1,032,150
Total
21,199,614 20,438,472 23,245,756

Temperature distribution on three sides of coil

Case 1
R+
Normalized
position
TS
[K]
Z+
Normalized
position
TS
[K]
Y+
Normalized
position
TS
[K]
0 394 0 400 0 405
0.1 397 0.1 400 0.1 406
0.2 398 0.2 401 0.2 407
0.3 400 0.3 402 0.3 407
0.4 402 0.4 404 0.4 408
0.5 404 0.5 405 0.5 408
0.6 405 0.6 406 0.6 408
0.7 406 0.7 407 0.7 408
0.8 407 0.8 408 0.8 408
0.9 408 0.9 408 0.9 408
1 408 1 408 1 408

Temperature and pressure drop by mass flow rate of ethylene glycol

Case 3
Mass flow rate [kg/s] Tmax of cooling channel [K] Tmin of coil [K] Tmax of coil [K] Pressure drop in cooling channel [Pa]
× 0.50 0.053 390 395.4 420.2 4,542
× 0.75 0.0795 381 393.3 412.3 7,821
× 1.00 0.106 370 385.6 402.4 12,137
× 1.25 0.1325 366 383.8 398.4 17,564
× 1.50 0.159 363 381.7 394.4 23,885
× 1.75 0.1855 360 380.0 392.3 31,397
× 2.00 0.212 357 379.0 390.9 39,058
Table 1 Physical dimensions of electric motor model N
Table 2 Design boundary conditions
Table 3 Thermophysical property of material
Table 4 Total elements of electric motor assembly for grid dependency
Table 5 Number of elements in cooling channel and coil
Table 6 Temperature distribution on three sides of coil
Table 7 Temperature and pressure drop by mass flow rate of ethylene glycol