In the chemical plating of the randomly loaded workpiece, it is very important to promote the agitation of plating solution and secure the space for the chemical reaction. This study investigated the possibility of chemical plating using only vibration, as well as the plating characteristics for a combination of vibration and pressurized floating. The results of the study indicate that it is possible to perform chemical plating with only vibration, and the amount of plating increases as the vibrating frequency increases. Additionally, when combined with the vibration and pressurized floating, the probability of securing a chemical reaction space and the probability of stirring become high, resulting in highly effective plating.
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The multi-lumen catheter with complex and small cross section is widely used for interventional radiology and minimally invasive surgery. It is manufactured in the polymer extrusion process with many manufacturing parameters. The profile of the extrudate is difficult to predict because it depends on the die shape and many parameters. In this paper, the effects of the manufacturing parameters for multi-lumen catheter extrusion are studied. The commercial software ANSYS Polyflow is used to simulate the polymer flow and predict the profile of the extrudate. The optimized die shape is used to achieve the target profile of the extrudate. The extrudate profiles are investigated with respect to the puller speeds at the end of the extrudate and blowing air pressure of each lumen. Circularity and major diameter are compared for the different manufacturing parameters. The effects of the manufacturing parameters on the profile of the extrudate are examined. The target profile of the extrudate is obtained with optimized manufacturing parameters.
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Most positioning systems experience residual vibration during operation. Such residual vibration can be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level by using the input shaping method. However, adopting the input shaping methods typically introduces a certain amount of time-delay into a system. This study focused on the development of a delay-time adjustable input shaping method to eliminate vibration caused by repetitive motion in positioning systems. The proposed input shaping method, called the virtual mode (VM) input shaper, uses a virtual frequency parameter that adjusts delay-time and cancels residual vibration. Unlike most previous input shaping studies, this study investigated VM input shaping performance to eliminate the steady-state vibration induced by repetitive motion in positioning systems. To this end, an analytical formulation was derived and used for simulating the input shaping performance with varying dominant parameters involved in a system. Experiments were also performed to validate the proposed method.
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In this study, slip phenomenon that occurs during trajectory tracking motion of an omni-directional mobile robot based on Mecanum wheels was analyzed. Mecanum wheels which generate the omni-directionality to the mobile robot comprise a centered rim wheel and passive sub-rollers. In forward and backward motion, they function like usual wheels to enable rolling along the ground. However, in sideways motion, they create lateral motion of the mobile robot from the rotational actuation using their peculiar structural configuration, during which slip of the sub-rollers occurs. Unnecessary over-slip of the sub-rollers causes tracking errors of the mobile robot motion. To analyze the properties and reasons for the slip phenomenon, squared and circular trajectory tacking experiments were performed. From the experiments, it was observed that sideways motion generated respectively larger tracking errors than forward and backward motion. The geometric analysis regarding the tracking error generation was discussed using the Mecanum wheel structure. Finally, it was confirmed that suspension mechanism to provide four Mecanum wheels of the mobile robot with even reaction forces on the ground is necessary.
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The number of freeform buildings has been continuously increasing, serving as a landmark representing a country or a city. However, most of the freeform buildings have been built with conventional construction methods and required a tremendous amount of construction cost. This study seeks to apply additive manufacturing technologies to the freeform concrete formwork. Among many additive manufacturing techniques, the study focuses on the Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) method because of its advantages on building speed and cost. Also, the LOM technique is modified by using sloped angle at the side surface of the laminated layer (called Sloped-LOM or S-LOM), which yields great increase in the accuracy. We built a new FreeForm Formwork 3D Printer (named F3D printer) using the new approach. The F3D printer consists of a 5-axis laser cutting device for sloped cutting of EPS (Expanded Poly-Styrene) sheets with high speed, an auto pallet changer for EPS feeding, and a palletizer for EPS loading. This paper introduces the S-LOM method and the F3D printer, and the comparisons of the outputs from the conventional method and S-LOM method through actual formwork production.
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When a building explodes, debris generated bounces after hitting the ground with high energy. It is called the ricochet phenomenon. Ricochet phenomena increase the risk of damage by increasing the moving distance of the debris. The ricochet of debris is impacted by the type of medium. In this paper, the behavior and travel distance of debris after ricocheting are studied according to the type of medium. For various initial conditions, the ricochet of the debris was studied through FEM, and the resulting values were fitted to the 3D curved surface, to predict the speed and angle after the ricochet. The trajectory of the sphere was calculated with the flight formula, considering drag force by using the MATLAB. The ricochet of debris is impacted by the contact area with the medium. As the contact area increases, the reflection angle increases due to the increase of the repulsive force. As the size of the debris increases, the contact area increases and the energy loss increases, but it moves further because of the increase of the weight and kinetic energy. The type of media around the building can be used as an appropriate means of controlling the travel distance of the debris.
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A Study of Moving Distance of Ricocheted Debris for Various Debris Shape with Air Drag Coefficient Yoon Keon Kim, Woo Chun Choi Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2020; 37(3): 209. CrossRef
The Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) stores the electric energy into the rotational kinetic energy of the rotor. The FESS uses housing components so that the rotor spins inside the housing where the vacuum is maintained. Thus, the housing component is exposed to the load due to this pressure difference, and designing the housing that can efficiently support this load is crucial. Meanwhile, in the situation wherein the rotor lifting force is blocked, the rotor drops and damages the system. Thus, it is necessary to equip a structure capable of supporting the corresponding impact of the rotor drop. In this study, the design of the housing components is described by considering the structural robustness of the housing components, under the atmospheric pressure and impact of the rotor drop. For the pressure load, structural analysis was conducted following the different housing lid shapes: concave, convex, and flat. For the impact of the rotor drop, the structural analysis was conducted following the different terminal velocities of the rotating rotor. As a result, the designed housing components comprise a concave housing lid and the safety suspension 1 mm beneath the rotor. Considering the results, it operates stably under the conditions stated above.
Metal additive manufacturing using electron beam melting (EBM) process applies electron beam for heating, sintering, and melting of powders to fabricate a three-dimensional component. The component may contain residual porosity internally and may be subjected to poor surface finish externally. To improve the quality of the surface finish and densification, re-melting is conducted. The purpose of this paper was to estimate the appropriate process conditions for a plasma electron beam remelting process using heat transfer finite element analyses (FEAs). The impact of the travel speed of table and thickness of the deposited part on temperature distributions were examined. The size of molten pool was estimated from the results of the thermal FEA. From the estimated size of molten pool, the travel speed of table and the hatch spacing between remelting tracks are discussed and selected as the appropriate process conditions for electron beam re-melting process from the perspective of minimum overlapping region of the molten pool.
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Investigation of elimination of powder spreading in manufacture of thin and wide preheating beads from Co–Cr alloy powders using a P-ebeam Ho-Jin Lee, Dong-Gyu Ahn Journal of Materials Research and Technology.2021; 14: 1873. CrossRef
Recently, new perovskite cathode material, SrCo0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3-δ (SCNT) was reported, showing high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. This study demonstrates thin film deposition of SCNT by pulsed laser deposition technique applied to anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) based thin-film solid oxide fuel cells (TF-SOFCs) to assess the possibility of SCNT application to TF-SOFCs. The SCNT powder and the target were prepared by the solid state reactive sintering method (SSRS). This target was then mounted to the pulsed laser depositing machine and deposited on the Si wafer, and the nano-porous substrate, AAO. The physical structure and the chemical phase were investigated by the field emission scanning electron microscope, focused ion beam scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. On the top of the AAO, thin Pt film and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were first deposited by sputtering and the SCNT was deposited on the top of it afterward. The open circuit voltage of AAO cell was tested at 500°C, and successful polarization activity of SCNT was observed.
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