As a heating method for RHCM (Rapid Heating Cycle Molding) various heating technologies such as high frequency induction heating, IR heating, gas heating, and high temperature steamare applied, but these methods are not satisfying high productivity due to low energy efficiency. Research has been actively conducted on RHCM based on planar heating elements with high heating efficiency, such as carbon nanotubes, which are applied. To apply the CNT web film to the RHCM, a heating element must be applied inside the injection mold and power must be applied. As electricity is directly applied to the CNT web film to generate heat, all mold parts in contact with the CNT web film must be insulated, and high heat transfer is required for rapid heating performance. Thus, in this study, a multi-layer structure mold module for insulation and high heat transfer was designed to enable rapid heating by applying a CNT web film as a heat source. To this end, we intend to present a research direction for the commercialization of rapid heating molds, by identifying the main variables of rapid heating through heating experiments by the mold metal and insulator materials, and reflecting them in the mold design.
When a building is detonated, the debris generated collides with the ground with very high energy and bounces back. This phenomenon is called ricochet. Ricochet increases risk by increasing the moving distance of the debris. The ricochet of debris is affected by the shape of the debris. In this paper, the behavior and moving distance of debris along the shape of debris were studied. For various initial conditions, the ricochet of debris was studied through the FEM, and the results were fitted to a 3D curved surface to predict the speed and angle after the ricochet. The moving distance of the debris was calculated using the trajectory formula considering the drag coefficient using the MATLAB. The ricochet of debris is affected by the contact area with the medium. As the contact area increases, the reflection angle increases because of the increase of the repulsive force. As the size of the debris increases, the energy loss also increases because of the increasing of the contact area. Thus, the moving distance of the cylinder debris is shorter than that of the sphere debris.
When a building explodes, debris generated bounces after hitting the ground with high energy. It is called the ricochet phenomenon. Ricochet phenomena increase the risk of damage by increasing the moving distance of the debris. The ricochet of debris is impacted by the type of medium. In this paper, the behavior and travel distance of debris after ricocheting are studied according to the type of medium. For various initial conditions, the ricochet of the debris was studied through FEM, and the resulting values were fitted to the 3D curved surface, to predict the speed and angle after the ricochet. The trajectory of the sphere was calculated with the flight formula, considering drag force by using the MATLAB. The ricochet of debris is impacted by the contact area with the medium. As the contact area increases, the reflection angle increases due to the increase of the repulsive force. As the size of the debris increases, the contact area increases and the energy loss increases, but it moves further because of the increase of the weight and kinetic energy. The type of media around the building can be used as an appropriate means of controlling the travel distance of the debris.
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If fatigue failure occurs during aircraft operation, it can cause catastrophic injuries. So, it is necessary to study fatigue failure at the design stage. Frequency domain fatigue analysis is used to predict fatigue failure. During frequency domain fatigue analysis, results can be calibrated by PSD analysis. In this study, fatigue failure is predicted by the Dirlik method, Lalanne method and Steinberg method. Regarding results, life determined by the Dirlik method, Lalanne method and Steinberg method were 8.737, 8.314, and 7.901 times the standard life, respectively. The Steinberg method is the most conservative but the difference with other methods was approximately 10%. In the cycle histogram, the Dirlik method had more counts than the Lalanne method in lower stress range. However, it does not affect the life of material used in this study. However, if material has a lower fatigue limit or stronger PSD data is used, life difference will occur.
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An orbital grinding system uses a special motion to machine crankshafts in ships. When a crankshaft is operated, eccentric pins rotate and a grinding wheel moves in order to grind the pins. Thermal error caused by heat generated in the grinding process decreases the quality of the final product. In this study, the thermal error of an orbital grinding system caused by heat generation was investigated in order to predict the extent of thermal error that can occur during the grinding process. Since the machine position changes during orbital grinding, the pin part is divided into 30 degree intervals and heat is generated. Total thermal error was measured by summing the thermal errors associated with the pin and the grinding wheel. Total thermal error was found to reach a maximum at 60 degrees and a minimum at 210 degrees because of the shape of the crankshaft.
Washing machines designed to clean laundry have been more widely used at home as they reduce household labor and boost the quality of life. Technological advances and better standards of life increase demand for laundry washing performance. Energy efficiency regulations and consumer demand for the larger trend, washing machine makers should be done in performance studies to reduce power, and water consumption and the load on power transmission devices. In this study, performance of a fully automatic washing machine with unconstrained transmission is analyzed through experiment and CFD simulation. It is found that the interaction between laundry and transmission change the washing behavior and affect washing performance with regard to the degree of freedom. The results obtained in this study can be used in developing new washing machine transmissions and make them more robust.
Lever mechanisms are usually employed to enlarge output displacements in precision stages. In this study, theoretical analysis is done for a precision stage employing a lever and flexure hinges, including bending effect. This study presented relations between design parameters and magnification ratio. This study presents optimal values for the parameters to achieve a longer stage displacement. The analysis is verified by finite element analysis. It is found that adjusting stiffnesses can increase the travel range significantly.