Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering

Emerging Patterning Strategies for Intrinsically Stretchable Conductors: Materials, Architectures, and Device-level Performance: Donghyeon Seo, Seongsik Jeong, Hae-Jin Kim; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2025;42(10):789-816.
Published online October 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.D.25.00003

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Intrinsically stretchable electronics enable seamless integration with dynamic biological tissues and curved surfaces, making them vital for next-generation wearables, biointerfaces, and intelligent robotics. Yet, precise, high-resolution patterning of stretchable electrodes and circuits remains challenging, limiting practical applications. Traditional lithography offers excellent resolution but is hindered by thermal and chemical incompatibilities with soft substrates. Consequently, alternative approaches such as soft lithography, laser-based patterning, printing methods, and electrospray deposition have gained importance. Soft lithography provides an economical, low-temperature option suitable for delicate materials like liquid metals. Laser-based techniques deliver high resolution and design flexibility but require careful parameter tuning for specific substrates. Mask-free printing methods, including direct ink writing and inkjet printing, enable versatile patterning of complex geometries, while electrospray deposition supports precise, non-contact patterning on stretchable surfaces. Collectively, these techniques advance the fabrication of robust stretchable displays, wireless antennas, and bioelectronic interfaces for accurate physiological monitoring. Despite progress, challenges persist, particularly in achieving large-area uniformity, multilayer stability, and sustainable processing. Addressing these issues demands interdisciplinary collaboration across materials science, fluid dynamics, interfacial engineering, and digital manufacturing. This review highlights recent progress and remaining hurdles, offering guidance for future research in stretchable electronics.

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Dual-laser-assisted Defect Engineering and Chlorination for Enhanced Photoluminescence in MoS₂: Yoonsoo Rho; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2025;42(10):783-787.
Published online October 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.D.25.00002

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In this study, we demonstrate a synergistic enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) in an atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) monolayer using a dual-laser-beam-assisted chemical modification method. A continuous-wave (CW) green laser, directed perpendicularly at the MoS₂, locally raises the temperature and induces the formation of sulfur (S) vacancies, resulting in a significant increase in PL intensity. Subsequently, a UV nanosecond laser beam laterally illuminates the area above the MoS₂ layer, breaking chlorine molecules and introducing chlorine radicals without damaging the sample. This process further enhances the PL in the region previously affected by S vacancies. The binding energy of chlorine atoms to S-vacancy sites is greater than that to the pristine MoS₂ surface, facilitating more effective p-type doping. The stronger interaction at the defect sites created by the CW laser contributes to the observed synergistic PL enhancement. Our approach presents a novel method for precise and spatially selective chemical doping in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials.

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Development of an In-situ Permeation Measuring System based on Volumetric Analysis Method for Evaluating Permeation Properties of Polymer Materials under High-pressure Hydrogen Environments up to 100 MPa: Ji Hun Lee; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2025;42(7):575-586.
Published online July 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.025.038

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A high-pressure in-situ permeation measuring system was developed to evaluate hydrogen permeation properties of polymer sealing materials under hydrogen environments up to 100 MPa. This system could perform real-time monitoring of hydrogen permeation following high-pressure hydrogen injection, employing the volumetric method for quantitative measurement. By utilizing a self-developed permeation-diffusion analysis program, this system enabled precise evaluation of permeation properties, including permeability, diffusivity and solubility. To apply the developed system to high-pressure hydrogen permeation tests, hydrogen permeation properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) materials containing silica fillers, specifically designed for use in high-pressure hydrogen environments, were evaluated. Permeation measurements were conducted under pressure conditions ranging from 5 to 90 MPa. Results showed that as pressure increased, hydrogen permeability and diffusivity decreased while solubility remained constant regardless of pressure. Finally, the reliability of this system was confirmed through uncertainty analysis of permeation measurements, with all results falling within an uncertainty of 10.8%.

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Comparison of Machining Characteristics of PCD Gun Drill and PCD Twist Drill Manufactured by Brazing: Ho Min Son, Kyung Hwan Park, Dong Gyu Kim, Min-Woo Sa; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2025;42(5):349-354.
Published online May 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.025.005

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Recently, lightweight materials centered on the future mobility industry are used in various parts such as battery housings and EV platform frames to improve fuel efficiency of automobile engines. Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) tools are in demand by parts processing companies to improve productivity for machining lightweight parts. PCD drills have excellent cutting performance and wear resistance in high-speed machining. They are expected to grow in the global cutting tool market in the future. Research is needed to improve their performance. In this study, PCD gun drill and twist drill were respectively manufactured using brazing technology. Comparative machining experiments were then conducted. The PCD gun drill is a straight-shaped tool with a PCD tip brazed to a tool body groove for the tip to enter the cutting edge. The PCD twist drill is a spiral-shaped tool with a PCD drill blank brazed to a V-shaped butt joint with the tool body and an internal groove. Both PCD drills were successfully manufactured and evaluated for dimensional accuracy and surface quality by machining aluminum alloy materials with MCT equipment. In the future, we will evaluate not only aluminum materials, but also various machining materials.

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Electrically Assisted Solid-state Spot Joining of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys for Automobile Structures: Hyeon-Seok Choi, Seungbi Cha, Jin-Cheol Kim, Sung-Tae Hong, Changjoo Lee, Ki Seok Nam; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2024;41(4):321-328.
Published online April 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.024.003

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A feasibility study of electrically assisted solid-state spot joining (EASSJ) of dissimilar aluminum alloys for automobile structures was conducted. EASSJ of dissimilar automotive aluminum alloys (AA6451 and AA6014) was conducted by simultaneously applying step-by-step current and compressive load to the faying interface (lap spot joining), while the temperature was controlled to be lower than melting points of joining alloys. To evaluate the soundness of the joint, a nugget pull-out fracture mode under shear tensile test was set as a criterion. Microstructure analysis was also conducted to evaluate characteristics of the joint. Experimental results suggest that the EASSJ is clearly feasible in joining dissimilar aluminum alloys for automobile structures.

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A Study on the Wear Phenomena of PLA and PETG Materials for 3D Printing in Non-lubricated Condition: Yonsang Cho, Hyunseop Lee; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2024;41(2):145-151.
Published online February 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.023.119

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With the recent development of 3D printing technology, various 3D printing materials have been developed and used. To utilize 3D-printed products with mechanical parts, studies on friction and wear characteristics according to relative motion between materials are required. However, tribology studies on 3D-printed materials are limited compared to those of the existing materials for mechanical parts. In this study, the frictional and wear characteristics are identified through a reciprocating wear test in non lubricated conditions between the Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) printed in the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method. In the wear test between the same materials, the friction coefficient and wear rate were higher in the PLA than in the PETG, and PLA was deposited on the block due to high frictional heat. In the wear test of the PLA block and PETG bump, the wear of the PLA block decreased compared to the wear test between the same materials, but the wear of the PETG bump tended to increase. Therefore, it seems that the 3D-printed PETG may be more advantageous in terms of friction and wear than 3D-printed PLA during relative movement in a non lubricating condition.

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Tribological Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling-Printed Polylactic Acid and PLA-CF: Extrusion Temperature and Internal Structure
Paweł Zawadzki, Justyna Rybarczyk, Adam Patalas, Natalia Wierzbicka, Remigiusz Łabudzki, Băilă Diana, Fodchuk Igor, Bonilla Mirian
Journal of Tribology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications in Additive Manufacturing
Selim Ahamed Shah, In Hwan Lee, Hochan Kim
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing.2025; 26(9): 2463. CrossRef

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Study of Condensation Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Micro/Nano Surface Modification Techniques: Younghun Shin, Kwon-Yeong Lee, Woonbong Hwang; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2023;40(9):733-739.
Published online September 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.023.058

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Condensation is an important research topic that ensures increased energy efficiency. Our researchers aimed to optimize heat transfer in industrial heat exchanger tubes through surface modification. We first succeeded in fabricating superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic tubes using surface modification. We observed the condensation phenomenon on the outside of the tube and evaluated the heat transfer performance through a condensation experimental facility. As a result, we found that the condensation heat transfer efficiency of superhydrophobic tubes is superior to that of conventional tubes. However, the heat transfer efficiency of the superhydrophobic tube reduced with an increase in saturation. To improve performance degradation, superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic hybrid tubes were fabricated and evaluated for their potential to improve heat transfer efficiency. As a result, we found that the liquid film generated by filmwise condensation on the superhydrophilic surface swept past the residual droplets generated by dropwise condensation on the superhydrophobic surface, resulting in the best heat transfer performance. Our results break the stereotypes of previous studies and provide a new paradigm for achieving optimal heat transfer performance on large-area curved surfaces. This research is expected to be widely applied in a variety of industries where energy efficiency is critical.

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Study of Cryogenic Treatment Effects on WC-5wt.%TiC Compact Fabricated by PCAS: Jeong Han Lee, Bum Soon Park, Hyun Kuk Park, Jae-Cheol Park; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2023;40(5):409-414.
Published online May 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.022.114

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The WC-5wt.% TiC compacts, which was fabricated by pulsed current activated sintering process (PCAS), were cryogenically treated to improve the mechanical performance. The densely consolidated specimens were exposed to liquid nitrogen for 6, 12, and 24 h. All cryogenically treated samples exhibited compressive stress in the sintered body compared with the untreated sample. The cryogenically treated samples exhibited significant improvement in mechanical properties, with a 9% increase in Vickers hardness and a 52.6% decrease in the fracture toughness compared with the untreated samples. However, excessive treatment of over 12 h deteriorates the mechanical properties due to tensile stress in the specimens. Therefore, the cryogenic treatment time should be controlled precisely to obtain mechanically enhanced hard materials.

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A Study on the Shear Characteristics of the Welding Zone in the Laser Transmission Welding of Heterogeneous Polymer Materials: Dae Cheol Choi, Young Gu Han, Min Cheol Hong, Seong-Kyun Cheong, Ki-Hoon Shin, Ki Jung Na, Jong-Seol Jeong, Ho Hoon Ryu; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2022;39(6):417-423.
Published online June 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.022.032

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In this study, laser transmission welding of two heterogeneous polymeric materials was performed and the effect of laser process parameters on the weld joint strength was investigated by shear test corresponding to ASTM standard D3163-01. Specifically, laser transmission welding of 2 ㎜ thick PMMA and PC/ABS was performed using a thulium laser with wavelength and focusing diameter of 2 ㎛ and 1 ㎜, respectively. The experimental results showed that the bonding strength increases as the laser energy transmitted to the welding zone increases, but too strong energy causes a decrease in the mechanical properties of the heat-affected zone. Thus, it is necessary to find the laser process parameters (Maximum Laser Power and Laser Scan Speed) that can secure sufficient bonding strength within the allowable range where surface defects do not occur in the actual process.

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A Study on the Shear Characteristics based on the Coverage of Shot-peened Al6061-T6 Bonded with CFRP
Hong Seok Kim, Joon-Hyung Park, Gang-Min Sung, Beom-Joon Kang, Seong-Kyun Cheong, Ki-Hoon Shin
Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2024; 41(1): 31. CrossRef
Infrared Saturable Absorption Properties of Tungstenene Nanosheets for Passively Q-Switched 1.9 μm Solid-State Laser
Chuanrui Zhao, Zhengping Wang, Guowei Liu, Pingzhang Yu, Xinguang Xu
ACS Applied Nano Materials.2023; 6(20): 19499. CrossRef

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Damage-Free Freeform Cutting of Flexible Battery Using Ultra-Short Pulse Laser: SeokYoung Ji, Jaegu Kim, Sung Hak Cho, Hyungjun Lim, Won Seok Chang; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2021;38(3):195-202.
Published online March 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.020.099

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With the progress of flexible devices, numerous researchers aim to manufacture the flexible battery with freefrom at various scales. Laser cutting is considered as one of the essential processes to achieve on-demand manufacturing but continuous wave or long-pulse laser beam may cause large heat affect zone (HAZ) in cutting edge and may even result in failure of battery function. Herein, it was demonstrated that the sophisticated cutting process using ultra-short pulse laser is applicable for tailoring of flexible battery with multilayered structure. Based on the comparison of cutting results using nanosecond laser and femtosecond laser, we confirmed that laser cutting by femtosecond laser induces much less thermal damage on thin foil electrodes, separator, and electrolyte. Furthermore, we investigated the interaction of femtosecond laser with the materials composed of a flexible battery and implemented a process for cutting each material without causing any critical damage. To prevent a short circuit between the anode and cathode, which usually occurs during laser cutting of the actual battery, the double-side cutting process was done by adjusting the focal points of the laser beam. We assume that the proposed approach can be applied in a roll-to-roll based cutting process for the mass-production of flexible devices.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Ultra-Precision Surface Cutting of the Mold Material (STAVAX) for the Development of Large Satellite Lens: Young-Jae Kim, Hwan-Jin Choi, Ki-Hun Lee, Woo-Jong Yeo, Ji-Young Jeong, Young-Sik Kim, Geon-Hee Kim; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2020;37(11):819-825.
Published online November 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.020.088

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Recently, interest in astronomy has increased internationally, and the technological development of lenses for large space telescopes is progressing. The multi-order diffractive engineered (MODE) lenses can make a large space telescope light and thin. However, because glass lenses are difficult to machine, we have adopted a method of molding at high temperature and high pressure. The STAVAX is commercially available chrome alloy stainless steel, and it is applied as various mold materials. The ultrasonic vibration cutting was adopted for ultra-precision machining because the tool wear is severe when cutting the STAVAX with a diamond tool. To achieve a flat surface for smooth ultrasonic vibration cutting, we performed a precise shape cutting using a CBN tool and confirmed and observed changes in the surface roughness and hardness depending on the cutting conditions. The ultrasonic vibration cutting was performed on the surface of the machine using a CBN tool, and the surface roughness was observed. It was confirmed that the surface roughness was impacted by the surface hardness. The specimens with low surface hardness showed the highest surface roughness at approximately 3 nm.

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Study on Reduction of Pyrolysis Shrinkage in the Carbonization of Furan Precursor by Addition of Vitreous Carbon Powder
Young Kyu Kim, Dong-in Hong, Hongmin Kim, Suho Ahn, Seok-Min Kim
Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2024; 41(2): 139. CrossRef
Fabrication and Characterization of Automotive Aspheric Camera Lens Mold based on Ultra-precision Diamond Turning Process
Ji-Young Jeong, Hwan-Jin Choi, Jong Sung Park, Jong-Keun Sim, Young-Jae Kim, Eun-Ji Gwak, Doo-Sun Choi, Tae-Jin Je, Jun Sae Han
Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2024; 41(2): 101. CrossRef
Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting the Machining Accuracy
Young Bok Kim, Wee Sam Lee, June Park, Yeon Hwang, June Key Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers.2021; 20(7): 15. CrossRef

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Development of Wearable Sensing Suit for Monitoring Wrist Joint Motions and Deep Neural Network-based Calibration Method: Junhwi Cho, Hyunkyu Park, Jung Kim; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2020;37(10):765-771.
Published online October 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/JKSPE.020.020

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A measurement of a users’ motion is widely attracting attention for a realization of robotic assistance in daily activities. The soft, wearable sensing suit enables the monitoring of outdoor activities, with high wearability and insensitivity to inertial force. In this paper, we propose a novel sensing suit for measuring the multi degree of freedom (multi-DOF) motion of the wrist joints. We used a fabric-based capacitance-type stretch sensor for high adaptivity to a textile form of suits. The sensor was attached to the body link, instead of the wrist joint to reduce the interdependency among each joint axis and the effect of unwanted disturbance. We adopted the Deep Neural Network for calibration, and verified the higher estimation accuracy on the estimation of the multi-DOF wrist motions. The performance validation proceeded with comparing to the linear-based regression, and the root mean-squared error on the angle measurement was improved at slow motion and fast motion. A real-time measurement interface was developed and demonstrated with a frequency of 250 Hz.

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Environmental Impact Evaluation on Lightweight Structure Design of a Composite Ship by LCA (Life Cycle Assessment): Daekyun Oh, Dongkun Lee, Sookhyun Jeong; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2019;36(9):875-881.
Published online September 1, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2019.36.9.875

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In this study, optimum design algorithm for composite ship structures is applied to a 52-ft. yacht to conduct comparative analyses by life cycle assessments, through which a material design method is proposed to cope with environmental regulation of the ship. Through the case study, the weight of the ship was reduced, and life cycle assessments of the original and lightweight vessels were performed using SimaPro 8. Weight was reduced by 10.47%. Also, at ‘In Production’, global warming and ozone layer depletion indicators decreased by 26.3 and 42.9%, respectively. At ‘In Use’, global warming and ozone layer depletion indicators decreased by 3.81%, with the ship operating for 20 years. Environmental impact of unit weight glass fiber and resin (raw materials used in composite structures) were compared. It was found that resin has higher impact on global warming and ozone depletion than glass fiber by factors of two and eight, respectively. Consequently, it was confirmed that a material design that preferentially reduces content of resin improves the eco-friendly performance of the composite ship.

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Accounting for wave-induced environmental uncertainty in CO₂ emission predictions for maritime operations
Jaewon Jang, Jong Hun Woo, Daekyun Oh
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Journal of Marine Science and Engineering.2025; 13(5): 847. CrossRef
Optimized Diesel–Battery Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Fast Patrol Boats with Global Warming Potential Reduction
Maydison, Haiyang Zhang, Nara Han, Daekyun Oh, Jaewon Jang
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Athanasios Kolios
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering.2024; 12(4): 679. CrossRef
Enhanced predictive modeling vs. LCA simulation: A comparative study on CO2 emissions from ship operations
Jaewon Jang, Seunghun Lim, Sang-Bom Choe, Jin-Soo Kim, Hyung-Kyoon Lim, Jungmo Oh, Daekyun Oh
Ocean Engineering.2024; 310: 118506. CrossRef
Environmental implications of a sandwich structure of a glass fiber-reinforced polymer ship
Zhiqiang Han, Jaewon Jang, Jean-Baptiste R.G. Souppez, Maydison, Daekyun Oh
Ocean Engineering.2024; 298: 117122. CrossRef
Application of Life Cycle Assessment to Analysis of Fibre Composite Manufacturing Technologies in Shipyards Industry
Aleksandra Ziemińska-Stolarska, Mariia Sobulska, Monika Pietrzak, Ireneusz Zbiciński
Processes.2024; 12(3): 461. CrossRef
Comparison of structural design and future trends in composite hulls: A regulatory review
Zhiqiang Han, Jaewon Jang, Jean-Baptiste R.G. Souppez, Hyoung-Seock Seo, Daekyun Oh
International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering.2023; 15: 100558. CrossRef
A Study of Structural Strength Characteristics for Application of Carbon Composites in Fishing Vessel Hull
Hae-Soo Lee, Hyung-Won Lee, Seung-June Choi, Myung-Jun Oh
Journal of Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering.2023; 46(3): 69. CrossRef
Can TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) strategies improve material substitution in eco-design?
Christian Spreafico
Sustainable Production and Consumption.2022; 30: 889. CrossRef
Effects of fabric combinations on the quality of glass fiber reinforced polymer hull structures
Daekyun Oh, Jaewon Jang, Jae-hoon Jee, Yongwon Kwon, Sanghyuk Im, Zhiqiang Han
International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering.2022; 14: 100462. CrossRef
An analysis of design strategies for circular economy through life cycle assessment
Christian Spreafico
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ultrasonic Attenuation Characteristics of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Hull Structure
Zhiqiang Han, Sookhyun Jeong, Jae-Won Jang, Jong Hun Woo, Daekyun Oh
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(14): 6614. CrossRef
Light-weight Optimum Design of Laminate Structures of a GFRP Fishing Vessel
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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology.2019; 33(6): 495. CrossRef

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A Study on the Strength Characteristic of Compact Tension Specimen due to Internal Holes and Material: Jung-Ho Lee, Sung-Ki Lyu, Jae-Ung Cho; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2019;36(7):623-629.
Published online July 1, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2019.36.7.623

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Majority of deformation and ruptures as a result of severe deformation of mechanical structures are due to the existence of cracks or cracks generated through specific situations. These cracks causes stress concentration and eventually ruptures under lower load conditions than they are designed to withstand. In this study, simulation tensile analysis was done by designing compact tension specimen models with the number of holes that existed inside and the materials of the test specimens by focusing on the effects of the cracks. The study results from all the analysis (deformations, equivalent stress and strain energy) confirmed that the specimen models having two holes had better strength characteristics than those with only one hole. Additionally, the durability and strength characteristics of specific mechanical structures against the load improved through appropriate arrangement of holes thereby reducing stress generation. As such the results of this study could be utilized as the basic data for future researches on composite materials and sandwich type homogenous materials. Furthermore, the study results can assist in designing more durable products.

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A Study on the Shape Optimization and Structural Analysis of Turret Center for Powder Metallurgy Material Machining before Sintering: Choon-Man Lee, Ho-In Jeong, Eun-Jung Kim, Sung-Woo Shin; J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 2019;36(2):127-134.
Published online February 1, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2019.36.2.127

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Due to the ever-advancing technology in various production industries, the materials of machined products have been diversified from simple steel materials to composite materials, powder metallurgy materials and silicon. Powder metallurgy materials have excellent mechanical/chemical properties, but have disadvantages such as; difficulty in processing using conventional processing methods, increased processing cost and generation of a large amount of dust. In addition, the need for the development of specialized machine tools increases due to the disadvantages such as the frequent occurrence of burrs in tapping and drilling. In order to solve the problem of machining of high hardness sintered products, a method of maximizing productivity and efficiency by processing the powder metallurgy material before it is completely sintered is being studied. In this study, structural analysis of a turret center for the verification of structural stability of a turret center for processing powder metallurgy materials was carried out. In addition, the shape was optimized to improve the structural stability and weight and presented an optimal model. The study aimed at developing more reliable turret center through the optimized model.

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Structural Safety of the Incinerator Transfer Conveyor Roller Chain Using GBO
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Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers.2020; 29(1): 9. CrossRef